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To update a column with a random value in PL/SQL, you can use the DBMS_RANDOM package, which provides functions for generating random numbers or strings.

To update random number

BEGIN
    UPDATE employees
    SET salary = ROUND(DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE(100, 500));
    COMMIT;
END;

• DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE(100, 500) generates a random decimal number between 100 and 500.
• ROUND is used to convert the decimal value to an integer.

To update random string

BEGIN
   UPDATE employees
    SET password = DBMS_RANDOM.STRING('x', 8);  -- 'x' specifies alphanumeric characters
    COMMIT;
END;

• DBMS_RANDOM.STRING('x', 8) generates an 8-character alphanumeric string.
• ‘x’ specifies alphanumeric characters (letters and numbers). Other options include ‘a’ for alphabets and ‘u’ for uppercase only.

The PL/SQL MINUS operator returns all rows from the first query that are not present in the second query. Each SELECT statement defines a dataset, and the MINUS operator retrieves all records from the first dataset, excluding any that also appear in the second dataset.

select stock_id, stock_name
from stock_master
where active = 'Y'

minus

select stock_poid, stock_desc
from stock_ledger
where transaction_date > '01-JAN-24'

References

Tech on the net

In Hugo, creating different slash pages (like /about/, /uses/, etc.) involves creating specific content files for each page and customizing templates as needed.

• Create individual markdown files for each slash page under content/.
  If you want to create an /about/ page in your blog, add a markdown page with below front matter in the content/ page.

//content/about.md

---
title: "About"
date: 2024-10-16
---

This is the About page content.

• Optionally create a template for the page.
  Hugo uses the single.html template from the layouts/_default/ folder to render pages by default. However, you can create custom templates in the layouts/page/ folder to format specific pages as needed.

//layouts/page/about.html

<h1>{{ .Title }}</h1>
<div class="content">
  {{ .Content }}
</div>

You can check my slash pages like uses, credits, and changelog.

References

Hugo Docs

Hugo is fast, but ineffecinet templates can make it slower. For checking the performance you can use the below commands.

• Use hugo --logLevel debug to display debug information, warning, and error message.

• Use hugo --templateMetrics to check for slow templates. This will show the time it takes to render each template.

• Use hugo --gc (garbage collection) to clean up unused files, which might help reduce build time.

• Use debug.Timer to determine the execution time of a block of code. And use the hugo --logLevel info info command line flag when you build the site.

{{ $t := debug.Timer "TestSqrt" }}
{{ range seq 2000 }}
  {{ $f := math.Sqrt . }}
{{ end }}
{{ $t.Stop }}

References

Hugo Docs

A higher order function is a function that takes one or more functions as arguments, or returns a function as its result.

These functions are powerful because they allow you to abstract and compose operations in a flexible and reusable way. They are a fundamental concept in functional programming.

Common examples of higher order functions are .map(), .filter(), and reducer().

.map(): Takes a function as an argument and applies it to each element in an array, returning a new array with the results.

const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];
const doubled = numbers.map(num => num * 2);
console.log(doubled); // [2, 4, 6, 8]

References

Namaste JS, FreeCodeCamp

Below are the different types of states that can exist within an application. There are three main types:

1. Local State

Local state pertains to a single component. An example of this would be listening to user input in a field or toggling a “show more details” button. Typically, local state is managed within the component using useState or useReducer.

2. Cross-Component State

Cross-component state impacts multiple components. For instance, managing the open/closed state of a modal overlay. While this can also be managed using useState or useReducer, it often involves passing state between components via props drilling.

3. App-Wide State

App-wide state influences the entire application, such as themes or user authentication status. Similar to cross-component state, this can be managed using useState or useReducer, albeit with the assistance of props drilling.

The LISTAGG analytic function, introduced in Oracle 11g Release 2, greatly simplifies string aggregations within SQL queries.

SELECT pid, LISTAGG(ColumnName, ' ' ) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY seq) AS ColumnName
FROM B GROUP BY pid;

However, if the output of the above query exceeds 4000 characters, it triggers an error, specifically ORA-01489, indicating that the result of string concatenation is too long.

To address this limitation, Oracle Database Release 2 (12.2) enhanced LISTAGG with the ability to handle overflow errors gracefully, as demonstrated below:

SELECT pid, LISTAGG(ColumnName, ' ' ON OVERFLOW TRUNCATE ) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY seq) AS ColumnName
FROM B GROUP BY pid;

In this updated syntax, the output is restricted to 4000 characters, preventing the ORA-01489 error from being raised.

The ON OVERFLOW clause offers several options to manage overflow situations:

• ON OVERFLOW ERROR: This is the default behavior, triggering an error if the result overflows.
• ON OVERFLOW TRUNCATE 'StringYouLike': Appends ‘StringYouLike(Count)’ at the end of the truncated string.
• ON OVERFLOW TRUNCATE '': Displays the first 4000 characters without any additional terminating string.
• ON OVERFLOW TRUNCATE WITH COUNT: Appends the total character count at the end, for example, ‘…(5512)’.

References

Stack Overflow.

Session and token authentication methods are used by the server to verify the client request is authenticated or not.

Session Authentication

Session-based authentication is an example of stateful authentication, which involves storing user authentication data on the server. With this method, when a user logs into a website, the server creates a small file that stores user information such as a unique session ID, login time, expiration time, and other relevant data. This file is stored in the database or in-memory cache. This session ID is then sent back to the client and stored in the client’s browser as a cookie. For subsequent requests, this cookie is passed back to the server. This allows the server to verify the session ID and provide a response based on the current state.

This method is easy to use, as cookies are natively supported by browsers, so no additional JavaScript is needed. But when the application grows decoupling the frontend from the backend becomes essential. Session-based authentication can be limiting in this regard.

Token Authentication

Instead of relying on server-side sessions, token-based authentication uses tokens and it is an example of stateless authentication. When user log in, the server create a token (usually a JSON Web Token, or JWT) using a secret key and sent to the user. For subsequent requests, user will send this token along with request and server will verify if the token is valid or not.

This method gives more scalability and stateless for the apps, but the server does not authenticate the user, so linking a token to its user can be more difficult. Also in any chance an attacker got acess to the token, they will get access to the server.

References

LogRocket, Authfear, criipto.

In software development, a canary release (or canary deployment) refers to the practice of rolling out a new version of software to a small, select group of users before deploying it to the entire user base. The term “canary” comes from the old practice of using canaries in coal mines to detect dangerous gases; if the canary showed signs of distress, miners knew to evacuate. Similarly, in software, the canary release acts as an early warning system to detect issues with new code before it reaches a wider audience.

Benefits of Canary Releases: Reduced Risk: Limits the impact of potential issues by exposing the new version to only a small group first. Real-World Testing: Provides the opportunity to observe how the new version performs in a live environment. Faster Rollback: Easier to revert changes if problems are detected, reducing downtime or negative user impact.

Here is the step by step guide to create a React project with Vite.

• Run the command npm create vite in the command prompt.
• Afer the script you will be prompted to enter a project name.
• After entering the project name, Vite will prompt you to select a framework. Select the framework as React.
• After selecting framework, Vite will prompt you to select language type.
• After selecting the language type, Vite will show the message as Scaffolding the project in the location.
• After that you can go to the folder and instruct to install the dependencies with the command npm install.

And here is the step to install Tailwind CSS as a Vite plugin.

• Run the command npm install tailwindcss @tailwindcss/vite to Install tailwindcss and @tailwindcss/vite via npm.

• Add the @tailwindcss/vite plugin to your Vite configuration.

  Copy

  import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
  import tailwindcss from '@tailwindcss/vite'
  export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
      tailwindcss(),
  ],
  })
  

• Add an @import "tailwindcss"; to your CSS file that imports Tailwind CSS.

• After that you can run the project with command npm run dev or whatever command is configured in your package.json file..

References

DigitalOcean, TailwindCSS